What is Hit Alert?
A heat wave is extremely hot weather. And the warning issued about this heat wave is basically heat alert or heat wave alert. The Meteorological Department issues heat alerts to warn people of severe heat waves when it goes beyond human tolerance. A warning is usually issued when the temperature in a place exceeds 36 degrees Celsius. If the temperature is below 36 to 38 degrees Celsius, it is called a mild heat wave by meteorologists. Also, if the temperature is between 38 and 40 degrees Celsius, it is called moderate and between 40 and 42 degrees Celsius, it is called severe heat wave. And if the temperature rises above 42 degrees Celsius, then it is called an extreme heat wave.
Figure of global temperature rise
Acute burns can also cause death
By the end of this century, more than 1.5 million people will die each year from extreme heat waves across Europe. This number is fifty times more than the number of people who die in such disasters now. Scientists say that if nothing is done to prevent climate change, Europe will see such extreme weather conditions. 99% of people will die due to extreme heat flow. Southern Europe will be hit the hardest by such a disaster. Experts say, these data obtained in the study are very worrying. The study was conducted by the European Commission for Joint Research Centre. Their study says: The number of deaths due to extreme weather events will increase from an average of 3,000 a year now to 1.5 million by 2100. By 2100, two out of every three people in Europe will be victims of disasters. At the beginning of this century, only one in twenty people were victims of such disasters.
Global temperatures are rising at an alarming rate
British scientists say that this year the rate of increase in global temperature will reach an alarming level. They say that by the end of this year, the global temperature will rise by more than one degree compared to the 50-year average temperature of the pre-industrial era from 1850 to 1900. UK Met Office scientists say, within the first 9 months of this year, the temperature of the world has increased by one and a half degrees Celsius. They say that if temperatures stay the same, 2015 will be the first year in which the rate of temperature increase exceeds the one degree limit. Many scientists believe that if the global temperature rises by more than two degrees, dangerous changes in the climate will occur, which will be difficult to predict. On the other hand, the United Nations says that the amount of greenhouse gases in the earth's atmosphere reached a record level last year. The United Nations Meteorological Office says the world is moving at an alarming rate into an era of unpredictable weather extremes and rising sea levels. Scientists say that they believe that carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide levels are at their highest in the last eight million years.
If we want to reduce the global temperature, we must also reduce meat consumption. Such information has been given by UN scientists working on climate. The International Panel on Climate Change IPCC released a special report from Geneva, Switzerland on Thursday. According to the report, a quarter of the world's greenhouse gases come from land use. Most of which is due to beef cattle farms. Increased demand for food like meat is releasing more carbon from the land into the air, causing the atmosphere to warm even more. And for this reason, they suggested reducing the consumption of meat as food to reduce cattle farms. UN scientists say that if people start eating more plant-based food, it will be possible to reduce the harmful effects of climate change. Intensive farming for meat and dairy products is increasing global warming, they warn. If we can reduce meat consumption, the number of meat farms will decrease. And it will reduce the level of carbon emissions. Mr. Haque said, "I recommend reducing meat consumption for two reasons, one is to reduce greenhouse gases and the other is that eating too much meat is not good for health. But it is more common in rich countries. Regular consumption of meat and milk is part of Western culture. There are a lot of vegetarians in the West. There are also people who are not saying to stop eating meat. And it is for their own sake that they have a problem with obesity. They are eating more than they are making the body sick.
Experts say we have analyzed many parameters of temperature change. For example, solar radiation duration is decreasing, cloudiness is increasing, day and night temperature difference is decreasing, and foggy conditions are increasing. But the main reason is pollution. As pollution increases, so does cloud formation. Here trans-boundary pollution is added. Day temperature was very low and night temperature was very high. But due to lower day temperature, the difference between day and night temperatures has decreased. In this case, we have felt the intensity of winter. This has been going on for the past few years. Reducing pollution is the first step to fix this climate. One of the major sources of pollution is dust and air pollution from brick kilns and construction sites. Planting of trees and other measures should be taken to overcome this. Also, it is important to dig reservoirs to control the temperature of the city.
What is the reason for the increase in temperature in the world?
The main reason for the temperature is the absence of rain. In addition to global climate change, intercontinental air movement and local temperature increases may cause heat waves to be relatively high across the country. A heat wave is raging across southern Europe and much of northern Africa. As a result of intense fire, fires are spreading in different countries including France, Spain, Portugal, Greece, and Morocco, which the countries are struggling to deal with. It has never been so hot in the history of Britain. As a result, an emergency alert has been declared along with closure of many educational institutions. Due to lack of rainfall in various countries of Asia, the weather has become rudramurthy due to which people are panting in the heat. Hundreds of thousands of people have died in almost all continents including the Asian continent due to this unprecedented heat and it is feared that many more people may die. Every year many people die in summer. In England this number is around 2,000. Most of these deaths are due to heat-related heart attacks and strokes. Most of the time this happens while trying to keep the body temperature stable. In France, Spain, Portugal, apart from extreme heat, wildfires have occurred in large areas.
What is the reason for the red alert in Britain?
A 'red alert' has been issued for the first heat wave in Britain's history, with temperatures expected to exceed 40 degrees Celsius, breaking all 100-year records. In Spain, the temperature has been rising to 40 degrees for days, in Portugal, the mercury has risen to 47 degrees. Wildfires in large swathes of western France, Portugal, Spain, Italy, and many other countries have burned thousands of hectares of land and homes, forcing more than 20,000 people to flee their homes. Scientists say drought conditions are now underway across large parts of Europe and Britain. Normal life in these countries is disrupted due to severe heat waves, schools are closed, and people are not even allowed to go out unless absolutely necessary. The weather forecast says that temperatures in central and southern England, including London, could reach 41 degrees or more in some places, which is higher than the temperature in some parts of the Sahara desert. The city of London is going to be one of the hottest places in the world. The temperature in Britain's history has never exceeded 40 degrees on record. The previous record for the highest temperature in Britain was 38.7 degrees in Cambridge in 2019. The Meteorological Department has already issued a red alert for extreme temperatures there - also unprecedented. Britain's Health Safety Agency has issued a level four warning for England called a national emergency. Meteorologists say this is an unprecedented event as the British Isles and Europe have long been known to be cold hotspots.
As Britain and Europe are cold regions, the houses, shops, offices, schools etc. buildings here are not made suitable for such extremely hot weather. They are designed to retain heat inside the building. So for those who live in them - this extreme heat wave is going to be a very scary experience. It is feared that many people may die due to this heat wave. Britain's radio-TV-magazines are now constantly telling people to stay indoors, keep the curtains down and drink plenty of water, the heat can be fatal and advice - how people can protect themselves from this heat. This fear is not at all unfounded - because more than 1,000 people have already died in Spain and Portugal, where the heat has been the worst in Europe. Many schools are closing early. Trains are not running anywhere due to the fear of the railway line becoming bent in the heat. Running anywhere or at low speed. Hospitals are already overcrowded with heat-sick people.
Which is the hottest place on earth?
The highest temperature record in the world is in Death Valley, California, USA. According to the reliable records kept in the world so far, the highest temperature record was recorded in Death Valley National Park in California, USA. One location in the park has recorded a temperature of 54.4 degrees Celsius (130 degrees Fahrenheit). California's power plants also occasionally fail due to intense heat waves. It's so hot that your face will burn. When you walk outside, it will feel like a hair dryer. Device heat is applied to your face. You will feel the heat and it will feel like you are walking through an oven and the heat is spreading around.
As temperatures rise, California often experiences "tornadoes." These are fire tornadoes that often form during dry and intense heat waves. Before that, the last reliable record of the highest temperature in the world was also in Death Valley, in 2013. It was recorded at 54 degrees Celsius. The highest temperature on Earth, 56.6 degrees Celsius, was recorded almost a hundred years ago—that too in Death Valley. A 2016 review by meteorological historian Christopher Burt found that Death Valley's temperature readings from 1913 did not match other records for the region. The world's highest temperature was recorded in 1931 in Tunisia. Death Valley is a vast desert. Sometimes there are sandbars and deep ditches. The adjoining states extend into Nevada. It's so hot here that you don't even feel the sweat on your skin. Because it evaporates very quickly. When clothes get wet with sweat, it can be felt, but sweat dries very quickly on the skin. When people get used to it, it seems natural. When the temperature drops below 80 degrees Fahrenheit (26.6 degrees Celsius), it is considered too cold.
People in Death Valley have air conditioning in their homes. So there is no difficulty in sleeping. When it's hot, everyone tries to keep the house cool by turning on the air-conditioning all the time and then there is a problem with the power supply. Most people in Death Valley live and work in Furnace Creek. This is where the highest temperature was recorded in recent times. This place is like a basin about 280 feet below sea level. Surrounded by high and steep hills. Even in the morning, the temperature is around 100-105 degrees Fahrenheit (37.7 to 40.5 degrees Celsius). As the climate is very dry, many plants die. It is so hot that these trees dry up and burst.
The August 16, 2024 temperature is said to be the hottest temperature ever reliably measured around the world. However, there are two higher temperatures in the record books. One was at Furnace Creek, in 1913. The temperature then rose to 134 degrees Fahrenheit (56.6 degrees Celsius). The second was in Tunisia in 1931. 131 degrees Fahrenheit (55 degrees Celsius) was recorded there. But climatologists are skeptical about this record, they do not consider these data reliable enough. When such a high temperature is recorded at Furnace Creek, the World Meteorological Organization investigates and verifies it again. They look at the matter with many other facts. As for why there is doubt about the temperature recorded in Death Valley in 1913, he said, it did not match the records of other areas in the vicinity of the area. Temperatures at Furnace Creek were about two or three degrees higher than the surrounding area. That's why the temperature recorded at Furnace Creek last week is being described by some experts as the highest temperature ever reliably recorded. The World Meteorological Organization says it is trying to verify this. But even if it could be verified, they would still consider it the third highest temperature in the world. Because experts doubted the temperatures recorded in Furnace Creek in 1913 and Tunisia in 1931, the World Meteorological Organization recognized them.
Is it possible to control or reduce the temperature?
According to weather and disaster management experts and urban planners, global climate change is the main reason for the gradual increase in temperature, for which the developed world, especially the industrialized countries, are responsible. Experts blame unplanned urbanization and unnecessary damage to the environment. Now the buildings are designed with a central air conditioning system or air conditioners in mind. Whereas a cold thermostat removes about 10 liters of water from the air daily, causing the air temperature to rise. If there are 5 lakh AC machines running in such a city then calculate how many lakh liters of water is separated from combustion vapors per month. Earlier, many buildings were made in such a way that only fans were used in summer.
In order to bring the situation under control, climate policies need to be implemented, especially to increase electrified public transport like metro rail and to build environment-friendly buildings. For example, in the past, Chinese buildings were made environmentally friendly. All the canals and ponds are full. No reservoir. These are necessary to temporarily reduce the temperature. Along with urbanization, many experts emphasize planning how to make cities more environmentally friendly. Initiatives should be taken to reduce the population of cities. City facilities should be spread outside the city. In this way, population density should be reduced. Forestry must be done. What is happening in Bangladesh is destructive urbanization. There are wards in Dhaka where 90% are concrete. Heat is felt more, because vegetation in urban areas, reservoirs have been destroyed. To get rid of this, every area must have enough open space. In the process of urbanization, 25-30 percent greening of the city should be ensured by increasing the amount of greenery. He thinks that it will be possible to bring down the temperature to a tolerable level if there are ponds or reservoirs based on the area. The more greenery, the more tolerable the temperature. There must be a reservoir.
What to do to reduce the temperature?
Scientists say "indigenous innovation" must be harnessed now to curb rising temperatures. In other words, measures should be taken according to the situation in the city. Taking the same steps everywhere will not work. Considering the large population, it is important to take the plan keeping in mind the local geographical features, natural environment and demographics of the city. Now the places which are the hottest should first of all develop a green environment. In addition to planting trees, the use of eco-friendly green bricks should also be increased. People should be encouraged to construct houses and buildings with perforated bricks. Because such bricks do not retain heat. But solid brick retains heat, so even after the sun goes down, a city feels sweltering hot.
What is the source of the mysterious methane gas in the sky of different cities?
A United Nations report has stated that reducing methane gas emissions has become very important to prevent climate change. Methane gas is produced by the decomposition of living things. It is also a natural gas. Cities where natural gas is used the most have the highest levels of methane gas in the air. Methane gas is not the same as carbon dioxide. This gas remains in the atmosphere for a very short time. But it is much more harmful to climate change than carbon dioxide. Despite the lockdown due to the coronavirus pandemic, the amount of carbon dioxide and methane gas found in the atmosphere last year was a record. Bangladesh, one of the countries most at risk from climate change, is also producing large amounts of methane gas.
Paris-based company Cares analyzed data and images taken from SAS satellites and identified Dhaka, the capital of Bangladesh, as one of the sources of methane. Several other institutions have also found similar results in their research. Yotam Ariel, founder of Bluefield Technologies, said their analysis also shows that Bangladesh is producing a lot of methane. Sources of this gas have also been suggested, including rice fields, garbage dumps or landfills, coal stockpiles, natural gas leaks through pipelines, etc. However, many scientists in Bangladesh say that there is no scientific evidence that Bangladesh is the source of the methane gas seen in the satellite images. Carbon isotope analysis could tell where the methane came from. More research and testing is needed in areas where methane concentrations are high to determine its source. Methane concentrations are high in landfill sites. Where we dispose of waste, especially organic waste, a lot of methane is emitted. There are two such large Bhagars or landfills in and around Dhaka where all the city's waste is dumped. One in Matuail south of Dhaka which is about 25 years old has an area of 100 acres. The other is in the northern Aminbazar area which started in 2007. Its area is 52 acres. Methane emissions can be reduced by making this waste management more modern and environmentally friendly. In particular organic and inorganic waste should be segregated. A culture of recycling should be developed.
Methane is a very light gas. Its neighboring countries produce more methane than Bangladesh. But if this gas flew from those countries and came over Bangladesh, it would not have been stuck in one place, it would have spread. Agriculture is a major source of methane, scientists say, with methane 84 times more damaging than carbon dioxide. Emissions of both gases must be reduced to prevent climate change. This colorless and odorless methane gas traps heat as it rises. And this capacity of methane is much higher than that of carbon dioxide. By trapping heat, this gas is increasing the temperature of the atmosphere, which is a major cause of climate change.
How to reduce methane gas?
Sources of methane gas such as paddy fields, garbage dumps, gas pipe leaks, coal stockpiles should be considered. Crop diversity should be increased in agriculture. Then maybe the emission of methane will decrease a little.
Just pouring water doesn't get rid of heat these days.
For example, Stanford University researchers have developed a new type of method with a material called 'nano-photonics'. This material is very thin and highly reflective. Which can radiate heat even in direct sunlight. Experiments have shown that if cold water can flow through a pipe under a panel made of this material, the temperature of that water is at least a few degrees cooler than the outside. And this is possible without the use of any kind of electricity. Now the researchers are thinking of expanding this 'skycool system' commercially. Danny Parker of the University of Central Florida's Solar Energy Center said of the system that "it will provide at least twice as much benefit in future air conditioning as it does today."
Fan ventilation increases electricity consumption
Evaporative water temperature control can help keep the air cooler if combined with a conventional air conditioning system. This means that conventional air conditioning systems are not very effective at cooling the air coming in from outside. They calculated that using the new method would make air conditioning systems 30 to 50 percent more efficient in many European climates. Samsung, one of the biggest companies in the technology world, has invented the 'air-free' method. Which will very slowly introduce cold air into a room until the desired temperature is reached. This makes it work without the help of a high speed fan. And the company claims that it is at least 32 percent more effective than conventional air conditioning systems. There are many high-tech air conditioners on the market right now that are powered by simple devices called inverters. Which can sense the normal temperature of the air through the sensor and is controlled accordingly. It runs continuously but with very little power consumption. Air conditioning systems are becoming popular day by day. But most people are not interested in buying air conditioning systems equipped with inverters, as such technology will not sell well in China, says Lein Staffel, an energy expert at Imperial College London. Because Mr. According to Staffel, electricity costs are low in China. So, with high prices, there will not be much market for energy efficient cooling devices.
A company named Tado has brought an app-based technology called 'Smart AC Control'. Which automatically turns off the air conditioner when there is no one in the room. The company claims that it is helpful in saving 40 percent of electricity. Brain Motherway of the International Energy Agency, or IEA, says the demand for air conditioning systems is increasing not just because it's getting hotter. It is also increasing due to increasing purchasing power of people. India, China and Indonesia are proof of that. A power generation company in India has reported that the use of additional air conditioners has also increased power demand in the country's northeastern region. Experts believe that it is possible to reduce the rate of warming by reducing the production of renewable electricity as well as the use of air conditioning systems.
'Historic' deal to end use of HFCs in fridge-ACs to prevent global warming
A global agreement has been reached to phase out the use of chemicals called HFCs, or hydrofluorocarbons, in common refrigerators and air conditioners. Nearly two hundred countries have ratified this 'historic' agreement. As a result of this agreement, the use of harmful chemicals in the cooling of refrigerators, air conditioners etc. will be greatly reduced in the future. Scientists say that HFCs are tens of thousands of times more potent as a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide and that their elimination would play a major role in reducing global warming. According to the agreement, the world's most resource-rich countries will start phasing out HFC use over the next three years. According to scientists, if it is possible to completely stop its use, greenhouse gas equivalent to 7000 million tons of carbon dioxide can be removed from the atmosphere.
The death toll from subtropical floods is likely to rise significantly
Meteorologists estimate that 28 European countries consider seven types of severe weather disasters: heat waves, cold waves, wildfires, droughts, wild, subtropical floods and storms. Researchers have assumed that global average temperatures will rise by three degrees Celsius by the end of this century due to climate change. More than two hundred countries of the world have signed the climate agreement. The aim of this agreement is to prevent the average temperature of the world from rising more than two degrees above the average temperature of the world before the industrial revolution.