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How was our world, country and biodiversity created?

Introduction:

To know about health we must first know how we were created. What are we made of, what elements exist between us? And where did all these ingredients come from? No one can accurately say anything about our birth lagna from a prehistoric point of view. We have only come to know from Asmani Granth or scriptures that the Great Creator has created us with great care only to worship Him. Various organisms, plant life, insects, virus-bacteria, and countless substances have also been created for us as humans or animals, although our scientists have found only 109 basic substances so far. We only know about the organisms, viruses, plants, substances of the earth. We know that there are some viruses that behave in both living and nonliving ways.


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How were our continents formed?

Have you ever wondered? How the land under your feet, countries and continents were formed? The Earth's surface, with its vast and varied landscape, has a complex history involving cosmic collisions, volcanic eruptions and the relentless forces of land erosion. We have embarked on a journey through time to learn the fascinating history of how our continents were formed, and it continues to unfold.

 

The structure of the earth:

Understanding the origins of our continents is not just a geological curiosity but a key to unraveling the complex history of our planet. From the formation of the Earth to the current state of the continents, various processes have shaped today's landscape. Billions of years ago, our planet began as a hot and chaotic mass of matter. Cosmic collisions played an important role in the formation of the Earth, bringing together elements that eventually played a role in forming the foundations of the continents. As the Earth cooled, the process of continental crust formation began. This unique crust is distinctly different from its oceanic counterpart, setting the stage for massive land uplift.

 

The Birth of Continents:

As Earth cooled, the process of continental crust formation began. This unique crust differs significantly from its oceanic counterpart, setting the stage for the emergence of vast landmasses.

 

Plate Tectonics and Their Impact:

The groundbreaking theory of plate tectonics revolutionized our understanding of continent formation. The constant movement and interaction of tectonic plates have shaped the continents over millions of years, with subduction zones playing a pivotal role.

 

Volcanic Activity and Landmass Growth:

Volcanic activity has been a driving force behind the growth of landmasses. From the fiery birth of islands to the slow accumulation of volcanic material, continents owe much of their size and structure to the relentless work of volcanoes.

 

Erosion and Sedimentation:

While volcanic activity builds land, erosion tears it down. The forces of wind, water, and ice play a critical role in shaping the surface of continents, creating valleys, mountains, and plains.

 

Ice Ages and Glacial Sculpting:

Ice ages have left an indelible mark on continents. Glacial movements during these periods have carved out valleys, fjords, and other distinctive landforms that define our landscapes today.

 

Supercontinents in Earth's History:

The continents we know are not static entities. Throughout Earth's history, supercontinents like Pangea have formed and broken apart, influencing the distribution of land and oceans.

 

Impact of Life on Continent Formation:

How early did life truly unfurl its narrative in the vastness of the universe? The analysis unfurls a cosmic tableau, shedding light on the enigma of life's temporal emergence. Yet, the distant future casts a pall over the prospects of life. The dark, frigid canvases painted by the accelerated expansion driven by dark energy threaten to extinguish all forms of life in the abyssal depths of 10 trillion years. Amidst the cosmic ephemerality, humanity grapples with the transitory gift bestowed by nature, a fleeting moment in the cosmic symphony. Actions, a legacy for descendants, become a testament to the intelligence of civilizations enduring for trillions of years a poignant aspiration amid the cosmic vastness.


In the microscopic realm, where the dance of life unfolds at the cellular level, mitochondria emerge as celestial architects. These bean-shaped organelles, powering almost every human cell, trace their lineage billions of years back to free-swimming bacteria engulfed by our primordial ancestors. With their own ring-shaped DNA, distinct from the human genome, mitochondria carry a unique genetic legacy. The intrigue deepens as we explore the fate of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within sperm cells, unraveling a crucial facet in understanding mitochondrial diseases.


DNA MTDNA


Biologists delve into the intricacies of mtDNA within sperm cells, discovering a revelation that defies expectations. Some mitochondria within mature human sperm showcase a near absence of DNA, challenging established paradigms. Dmitri Tamyakov of Thomas Jefferson University expresses surprise at this absence, underscoring its potential relevance to human infertility and mitochondrial diseases. Molecular biology and microscopy techniques unveil the developmental stages of sperm cells, where precursor cells harbor mtDNA along with the guardian protein mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM). As these cells mature, a subtle chemical metamorphosis denies TFAM entry into mitochondria, redirecting it to the nucleus and leaving mtDNA vulnerable to degradation.

 

In the intricate dance of life, where cosmic epochs intertwine with microscopic revelations, humanity continues its quest to decipher the enigma of life's origin and its molecular intricacies. The cosmic tapestry, woven with threads of complexity and unpredictability, beckons us to explore the depths of the unknown, where each discovery unfurls a new chapter in the cosmic narrative.


Life itself has played a crucial role in shaping continents. The development of soil, influenced by the activity of living organisms, has contributed to the diversity and fertility of the Earth's surface.

 

Human Influence on Continents:

In the modern era, human activities have become a significant force in shaping continents. Deforestation, urbanization, and other anthropogenic factors contribute to the transformation of landscapes.

 

Continental Drift and Future Changes:

Continents are not fixed in place; they continue to drift and shift. Current continental drift patterns offer a glimpse into potential future changes in the arrangement of landmasses.

 

Comparative Planetology:

Comparing Earth's continent formation with other planets in our solar system highlights the unique processes that have shaped our world, making it a haven for life.

 

Continental Formation and Climate:

Continents play a crucial role in influencing climate patterns. Understanding the relationship between landmasses and climate is essential for comprehending Earth's intricate environmental systems.

 

Unanswered Questions and Ongoing Research:

Despite significant advancements, there are still mysteries surrounding continent formation. Ongoing research and new discoveries continue to expand our understanding of the Earth's dynamic history. The intricate interplay of geological, biological, and human factors continues to shape our continents, making this a tale of perpetual change and evolution.




Our Earth:

Since the beginning of the Big Bang, many such galaxies have been formed. Black holes, Newton's star, white dwarfs, planets, satellites, various basic and compound substances, biosphere, flora, fauna, insects, bacteria, viruses are also unknown creations. Our Earth in the Milky Way Galaxy is a habitable planet. Our planet Earth is surrounded by a certain temperature, certain liquids, and gaseous rings. This gaseous layer protects from the ultraviolet rays of the sun and alpha, beta, gamma rays from other suns or stars. Today, humans have increased the level of carbon monoxide in this beautiful planet called our Earth. Due to which new diseases have been created. The amount of cancer has also increased. People's life expectancy has also decreased.Continents and countries on Earth undergo formation through intricate geological and tectonic processes that span exceedingly long periods. The principal mechanisms involved in shaping continents and delineating countries include:

 

Earth


 Plate Tectonics:

The Earth's lithosphere comprises tectonic plates that continuously move, driven by convection currents in the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. Interactions between these plates result in geological phenomena like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and the creation of mountain ranges.

 

 

Continental Drift:

The theory of continental drift posits that continents were once part of the Pangaea supercontinent and have since drifted apart. This theory, initially met with skepticism, is now widely accepted, supported by evidence such as similar rock formations, fossils, and matching coastlines on different continents.

 

 

Divergent Boundaries:

At divergent boundaries, plates move away from each other, forming new oceanic crust through volcanic activity. This process contributes to mid-ocean ridges, and over time, volcanic material accumulation aids in continent growth.

 

 

Convergent Boundaries:

Convergent boundaries involve plates moving toward each other. Subduction occurs when an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, leading to the formation of mountain ranges and volcanic arcs. When two continental plates collide, mountain ranges, such as the Himalayas, are created through intense pressure and folding.

 

 

Transform Boundaries:

Transform boundaries witness horizontal sliding of plates past each other, causing earthquakes and fault formation.

 

 

Erosion and Sedimentation:

The Earth's surface is shaped by ongoing erosion and sedimentation. Elements like wind, water, and ice erode rocks, transporting sediment to lower areas. Accumulated sediments contribute to the formation of sedimentary rock layers.

 

 

Human Activities:

Human endeavors, like urbanization and infrastructure development, also influence landscape and country formation. Political boundaries are often established based on geographical features, historical events, and cultural considerations. Continents and countries evolve through a dynamic and continuous process, shaped by geological, tectonic, and anthropogenic factors spanning millions of years.


Click on your country from the country list :


SL No

Continent

Country Name

Land Area

Population

Capital City

1

Africa

Algeria

2,381,741

46,061,760

Algiers

2

Africa

Angola

1,246,700

37,290,193

Luanda

3

Africa

Benin

114,763

13,754,688

Porto-Novo

4

Africa

Botswana

581,730

2,675,352

Gaborone

5

Africa

Burkina Faso

274,223

22,489,126

Ouagadougou

6

Africa

Burundi

27,834

13,162,952

Gitega

7

Africa

Cabo Verde (Cape Verde)

4,033

593,149

Praia

8

Africa

Cameroon

475,442

30,135,732

Yaoundé

9

Africa

Central African Republic

622,984

5,552,228

Bangui

10

Africa

Chad

1,284,000

18,523,165

N’Djamena

11

Africa

Comoros

2,235

850,886

Moroni

12

Africa

Democratic Republic of the Congo

2,345,409

111,859,928

Kinshasa

13

Africa

Djibouti

23,200

976,143

Djibouti

14

Africa

Egypt

1,010,408

112,716,598

Cairo

15

Africa

Equatorial Guinea

28,050

1,714,671

Malabo

16

Africa

Eritrea

120,000

3,748,901

Asmara

17

Africa

Eswatini (Swaziland)

17,364

1,236,126

Mbabane

18

Africa

Ethiopia

1,112,000

127,955,823

Addis Ababa

19

Africa

Gabon

267,668

2,397,368

Libreville

20

Africa

Gambia

11,300

2,468,569

Banjul

21

Africa

Ghana

239,567

34,237,620

Accra

22

Africa

Guinea

245,857

14,190,612

Conakry

23

Africa

Guinea-Bissau

36,125

2,078,820

Bissau

24

Africa

Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire)

322,463

31,536,754

Yamoussoukro

25

Africa

Kenya

580,367

52,428,000

Nairobi

26

Africa

Lesotho

30,355

2,210,646

Maseru

27

Africa

Liberia

111,370

5,506,280

Monrovia

28

Africa

Libya

1,759,541

7,252,573

Tripoli

29

Africa

Madagascar

592,796

30,325,732

Antananarivo

30

Africa

Malawi

118,484

21,240,689

Lilongwe

31

Africa

Mali

1,241,238

23,293,698

Bamako

32

Africa

Mauritania

1030700

4,862,989

Nouakchott

33

Africa

Mauritius

2,040

1,265,475

Port Louis

34

Africa

Morocco

446,550

37,984,655

Rabat

35

Africa

Mozambique

801,590

34,173,805

Maputo

36

Africa

Namibia

825,615

2,777,232

Windhoek

37

Africa

Niger

1,267,000

25,396,840

Niamey

38

Africa

Nigeria

923,769

230,842,743

Abuja

39

Africa

Republic of the Congo (Brazzaville)

342,000

5,677,493

Brazzaville

40

Africa

Rwanda

26,338

14,300,291

Kigali

41

Africa

Sao Tome and Principe

964

220,372

São Tomé

42

Africa

Senegal

196,722

18,384,660

Dakar

43

Africa

Seychelles

460

100,060

Victoria

44

Africa

Sierra Leone

72,180

8,908,040

Freetown

45

Africa

Somalia

637,657

25,693,796

Mogadishu

46

Africa

South Africa

1,221,037

62,027,503

Cape Town

47

Africa

South Sudan

644,329

12,118,379

Juba

48

Africa

Sudan

1,886,068

49,197,555

Khartoum

49

Africa

Tanzania

947,303

67,438,106

Dodoma

50

Africa

Togo

56,785

9,053,799

Lomé

51

Africa

Tunisia

163,610

12,458,223

Tunis

52

Africa

Uganda

241,038

48,582,334

Kampala

53

Africa

Zambia

752,617

20,569,737

Lusaka

54

Africa

Zimbabwe

390,757

16,868,409

Harare

55

Asia

Afghanistan

652,867

42,239,854

Kabul

56

Asia

Armenia

29,743

3,165,748

Yerevan

57

Asia

Azerbaijan

86,600

10,353,296

Baku

58

Asia

Bahrain

786.5

1,463,265

Manama

59

Asia

Bangladesh

148,460

172,954,319

Dhaka

60

Asia

Bhutan

38,394

787,424

Thimphu

61

Asia

Brunei

5,765

460,345

Bandar Seri Begawan

62

Asia

Cambodia

181,035

17,091,464

Phnom Penh

63

Asia

China

9,596,961

1,425,671,352

Beijing

64

Asia

Cyprus

9,251

1,244,188

Nicosia

65

Asia

Georgia

69,700

3,728,282

Tbilisi

66

Asia

India

3,287,263

1,428,627,663

New Delhi

67

Asia

Indonesia

1,904,569

279,118,866

Jakarta

68

Asia

Iran

1,648,195

87,590,873

Tehran

69

Asia

Iraq

438,317

45,504,560

Baghdad

70

Asia

Israel

22,072

9,865,280

Jerusalem

71

Asia

Japan

377,975

125,416,877

Tokyo

72

Asia

Jordan

89,342

11,484,805

Amman

73

Asia

Kazakhstan

2,724,900

20,340,734

Astana

74

Asia

Kuwait

17,818

4,294,621

Kuwait City

75

Asia

Kyrgyzstan

199,951

7,037,590

Bishkek

76

Asia

Laos

236,800

7,749,595

Vientiane

77

Asia

Lebanon

10,452

5,296,814

Beirut

78

Asia

Malaysia

330,803

34,308,525

Kuala Lumpur

79

Asia

Maldives

298

515,132

Male

80

Asia

Mongolia

1,564,116

3,227,863

Ulaanbaatar

81

Asia

Myanmar (formerly Burma)

676,579

57,526,449

Naypyidaw

82

Asia

Nepal

147,516

30,666,598

Kathmandu

83

Asia

North Korea

120,538

26,072,217

Pyongyang

84

Asia

Oman

309,500

4,520,471

Muscat

85

Asia

Pakistan

881,913

241,499,431

Islamabad

86

Asia

Palestine State

6,020

5,483,450

Ramallah

87

Asia

Philippines

343,448

114,163,719

Manila

88

Asia

Qatar

11,581

2,795,484

Doha

89

Asia

Saudi Arabia

2,149,690

32,175,224

Riyadh

90

Asia

Singapore

734.3

5,917,600

Singapore

91

Asia

South Korea

100,410

51,966,948

Seoul

92

Asia

Sri Lanka

65,610.20

22,037,000

Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte

93

Asia

Syria

185,180

22,933,531

Damascus

94

Asia

Tajikistan

143,100

10,143,543

Dushanbe

95

Asia

Thailand

513,120

71,801,279

Bangkok

96

Asia

Timor-Leste (East Timor)

14,900

1,340,513

Dili

97

Asia

Turkey

783,562

85,372,377

Ankara

98

Asia

Turkmenistan

491,210

7,057,841

Ashgabat

99

Asia

United Arab Emirates

83,600

9,282,410

Abu Dhabi

100

Asia

Uzbekistan

448,969

36,799,000

Tashkent

101

Asia

Vietnam

331,344.82

100,300,000

Hanoi

102

Asia

Yemen

530,000

34,449,825

Sanaa

103

Australia

Australia

7,688,287

27,081,500

Canberra

104

Australia

Fiji

18,274

926,276

Suva

105

Australia

Kiribati

811.19

121,388

Tarawa

106

Australia

Marshall Islands

181.43

42,418

Majuro

107

Australia

Micronesia

702

113,131

Palikir

108

Australia

Nauru

21

10,834

Yaren

109

Australia

New Zealand

268,021

5,279,590

Wellington

110

Australia

Palau

459

18,024

Ngerulmud

111

Australia

Papua New Guinea

462,840

11,781,559

Port Moresby

112

Australia

Samoa

2,831

205,557

Apia

113

Australia

Solomon Islands

30,407

734,887

Honiara

114

Australia

Tonga

748

107,773

Nuku’alofa

115

Australia

Tuvalu

30

11,900

Funafuti

116

Australia

Vanuatu (New Hebrides)

12,189

335,908

Port Vila

117

Europe

Albania

28,748

2,832,439

Tirana

118

Europe

Andorra

467.63

81,588

Andorra la Vella

119

Europe

Austria

83,879

9,027,999

Vienna

120

Europe

Belarus

207,595

9,255,524

Minsk

121

Europe

Belgium

30,689

11,697,557

Brussels

122

Europe

Bosnia and Herzegovina

51,209

3,434,000

Sarajevo

123

Europe

Bulgaria

110,993.60

6,447,710

Sofia

124

Europe

Croatia

56,594

3,855,641

Zagreb

125

Europe

Czechia (Czech Republic)

78,871

10,827,529

Prague

126

Europe

Denmark

43,094

5,935,619

Copenhagen

127

Europe

Estonia

45,335

1,373,101

Tallinn

128

Europe

Finland

338,145

5,604,558

Helsinki

129

Europe

France

643,801

68,373,433

Paris

130

Europe

Germany

357,600

84,607,016

Berlin

131

Europe

Greece

131,957

10,413,982

Athens

132

Europe

Holy See

0.44

825

Vatican City

133

Europe

Hungary

93,030

9,597,085

Budapest

134

Europe

Iceland

103,125

376,248

Reykjavik

135

Europe

Ireland

70,273

5,281,600

Dublin

136

Europe

Italy

301,340

58,853,482

Rome

137

Europe

Latvia

64,589

1,842,226

Riga

138

Europe

Liechtenstein

160

39,790

Vaduz

139

Europe

Lithuania

65,300

2,886,515

Vilnius

140

Europe

Luxembourg

2,586.40

660,809

Luxembourg

141

Europe

Malta

316

519,562

Valletta

142

Europe

Moldova

33,843

2,512,758

Chisinau

143

Europe

Monaco

2.08

39,050

Monaco

144

Europe

Montenegro

13,812

633,158

Podgorica

145

Europe

Netherlands

41,865

18,043,100

Amsterdam

146

Europe

North Macedonia

25,713

2,085,679

Skopje

147

Europe

Norway

323,803

5,550,203

Oslo

148

Europe

Poland

312,696

38,036,118

Warsaw

149

Europe

Portugal

92,230

10,467,366

Lisbon

150

Europe

Romania

238,398

19,051,562

Bucharest

151

Europe

Russia

17,098,246

147,182,123

Moscow

152

Europe

San Marino

61.2

33,660

San Marino

153

Europe

Serbia

88,500

7,149,077

Belgrade

154

Europe

Slovakia

49,035

5,460,185

Bratislava

155

Europe

Slovenia

20,271

2,123,103

Ljubljana

156

Europe

Spain

505,994

48,592,909

Madrid

157

Europe

Sweden

450,295

10,540,886

Stockholm

158

Europe

Switzerland

41,285

8,902,308

Bern

159

Europe

Ukraine

603,628

41,167,336

Kyiv

160

Europe

United Kingdom

244,376

67,026,292

London

161

North America

Antigua and Barbuda

440

100,772

St. John’s

162

North America

Bahamas

13,943

412,628

Nassau

163

North America

Barbados

439

281,998

Bridgetown

164

North America

Belize

22,966

441,471

Belmopan

165

North America

Canada

9,984,670

40,528,396

Ottawa

166

North America

Costa Rica

51,100

5,044,197

San José

167

North America

Cuba

110,860

10,985,974

Havana

168

North America

Dominica

750

73,040

Roseau

169

North America

Dominican Republic

48,671

11,434,005

Santo Domingo

170

North America

El Salvador

21,041

6,602,370

San Salvador

171

North America

Grenada

348.5

124,610

St. George’s

172

North America

Guatemala

108,889

17,980,803

Guatemala City

173

North America

Haiti

27,750

11,470,261

Port-au-Prince

174

North America

Honduras

112,492

9,571,352

Tegucigalpa

175

North America

Jamaica

10,991

2,734,092

Kingston

176

North America

Mexico

1,972,550

129,875,529

Mexico City

177

North America

Nicaragua

130,375

6,359,689

Managua

178

North America

Panama

75,417

4,337,768

Panama City

179

North America

Saint Kitts and Nevis

261

47,606

Basseterre

180

North America

Saint Lucia

617

178,696

Castries

181

North America

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

389

110,872

Kingstown

182

North America

Trinidad and Tobago

5,131

1,405,646

Port of Spain

183

North America

United States

9,833,520

334,914,895

Washington DC

184

South America

Argentina

2,780,400

47,327,407

Buenos Aires

185

South America

Bolivia

1,098,581

12,186,079

Sucre

186

South America

Brazil

8,515,767

203,062,512

Brasília

187

South America

Chile

756,101.96

19,629,588

Santiago

188

South America

Colombia

1,141,748

52,085,170

Bogotá

189

South America

Ecuador

283,561

17,483,326

Quito

190

South America

Guyana

214,969

817,607

Georgetown

191

South America

Paraguay

406,752

6,218,879

Asunción

192

South America

Peru

1,300,000

34,352,720

Lima

193

South America

Suriname

163,820

632,638

Paramaribo

194

South America

Uruguay

176,215

3,444,263

Montevideo

195

South America

Venezuela

916,445

30,518,260

Caracas



FAQs

Can continents disappear entirely?

While continents can undergo significant changes, complete disappearance is unlikely due to the robust geological processes involved.

 

How do humans impact continental formation?

Human activities such as deforestation, mining, and urban development contribute to alterations in the structure and appearance of continents.

 

Are all continents still moving?

Yes, the process of continental drift is ongoing, with landmasses gradually shifting over geological time scales.

 

What is the role of oceans in continent formation?

Oceans play a vital role in the process of subduction, where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another, influencing the formation of continents.

 

Are there undiscovered continents on Earth?

While major continents are well-explored, there may be smaller land masses or features yet to be fully discovered in remote areas.


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